RESUMO
Retrospective analysis of biochemical data from 58,167 hospital inpatients revealed that 21% developed hypokalaemia during hospitalization-in 5.2% the serum potassium was less than 3.0 mmol/l. Subsequent evaluation showed a positive correlation between hypokalaemia and both female sex and hospital mortality. Patients with leukaemia and lymphoid tumours, especially when receiving antibiotic or cytotoxic therapy, and patients with gastro-intestinal malignancy were amongst those most frequently experiencing hypokalaemia. There was no significant association with cardiovascular disease. Drug and intravenous fluid administration accounted for the hypokalaemia in 56% of patients. While drug-related hypokalaemia was most commonly seen with diuretics, it was also apparent following use of steroids, insulin and haematinics.
Assuntos
Hipopotassemia/epidemiologia , Idoso , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Hipopotassemia/etiologia , Masculino , Registro Médico Coordenado , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Escócia , Fatores SexuaisAssuntos
Compostos de Sulfonilureia/efeitos adversos , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Peso Corporal , Doenças Cardiovasculares/induzido quimicamente , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/etiologia , Interações Medicamentosas , Ingestão de Alimentos , Doenças do Sistema Endócrino/induzido quimicamente , Gastroenteropatias/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Hematológicas/induzido quimicamente , Humanos , Hipoglicemia/induzido quimicamente , Nefropatias/complicações , Hepatopatias/complicações , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dermatopatias/induzido quimicamente , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/induzido quimicamenteAssuntos
Biguanidas/efeitos adversos , Acidose/induzido quimicamente , Biguanidas/administração & dosagem , Biguanidas/metabolismo , Biguanidas/intoxicação , Doenças Cardiovasculares/induzido quimicamente , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/fisiopatologia , Interações Medicamentosas , Humanos , Hipocalcemia/induzido quimicamente , Absorção Intestinal , Nefropatias/induzido quimicamente , Cinética , Lactatos/sangue , Ácido Láctico , Pancreatite/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
A comprehensive review is presented of the world literature on adverse reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) since its first use in 1968, when concern was expressed about possible hematologic toxicity. Serious toxicity is a rare event, but when it occurs severe skin lesions and thrombocytopenia/leukopenia are the most likely complications. Like other antibacterial agents, TMP-SMZ is associated with gastrointestinal upset, but adverse reactions affecting the kidney, liver, and fetus are rare. If the use of TMP-SMZ in pregnant women and in those known to be sensitive to the drug is avoided and if there is an awareness of possible drug interactions, therapy with the combination in the usual clinical setting is not associated with serious toxicity.
